ANTIOXIDANTS
Antioxidants are a group of chemical compounds that may prevent certain types of cell damage. They are important because they protect cells from the effects of free radicals, which are unstable molecules produced by oxidation. So what do free radicals and antioxidants have to do with wrinkles or skin damage? Theoretically, when free-radical damage originates from environmental factors and fails to be cancelled out by antioxidant protections, then wrinkles and fine lines appear. Therefore; one of the main causes of aging skin is the on-going free radical activity!
PEPTIDES
Peptides are a group of protein molecules (amino acids). Proteins are polypeptide molecules. The distinction is that peptides are short and proteins are long. Long chain proteins cannot penetrate the epidermis. Now chemists are able to synthesize short chains of molecules that will penetrate the epidermis due to their molecular size. Peptides are bio-engineered to perform several types of treatments, both pre-treatment and post treatment.
ENZYMES Enzymes are protein that speed up (catalyzes) a chemical reaction. They are essential for life because most chemical reactions in living cells would occur too slowly, or would lead to different products without enzymes. Like all catalysts, enzymes work by providing an alternate pathway of lower energy for a reaction. This speeds up the reaction, sometimes making it many millions of times faster. Chemically, enzymes are like any catalyst and are not consumed in chemical reactions nor do they alter the equilibrium of a reaction.
RETINOL
Retinol (vitamin A) is the prototype of all other natural retinoids. Natural retinoids are present in all living organisms, either as preformed vitamin A or as carotenoids and are required for a vast number of biological processes, e.g. vision, cellular growth and differentiation and repro. Retinaldehyde takes an intermediate position in this respect, with the ability to convert to both retinol and RA. This ingredient is excellent to help improve cellular turnover, provide better more even skin tone, providing the skin with a more supple and healthy glow.